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Approximately 12,000 Soviet POWs were given numbers from this series (some of the POWs murdered at Auschwitz were never registered and did not receive numbers).Ī third series of numbers was introduced in March 1942 with the arrival of the first female prisoners. TATTOO NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES REGISTRATIONUntil mid-May 1944, male Jewish prisoners were given numbers from this series.Ī new series of registration numbers was introduced in October 1941 and remained in use until 1944. This first series was given to male prisoners and remained in use until January 1945, ending with the number 202,499. The first series of prisoner numbers was introduced in May 1940, well before the practice of tattooing began. Some Jewish prisoners who were held in transit to other camps did not have to undergo this procedure. In addition, Polish civilians deported to Auschwitz after the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 were not tattooed. Such inmates, in theory, were to be detained for up to 56 days and forced to work no less than 10 hours a day to “re-educate” them. It did not apply to German prisoners, ethnic German inmates, police prisoners, or “labor-education prisoners.” The latter group was composed of non-Jewish persons from various nationalities, but primarily Germans, Czechs, Poles, and Soviet civilians, who had been imprisoned for failing to adhere to the harsh discipline imposed on civilian laborers in German-occupied areas. Prisoners who had already been registered in the camp complex also were tattooed.Ĭertain categories of prisoners, however, were exempt from the tattooing process. Following the escape of a female Polish prisoner in February, the Camp Commandant’s Office decided that all incoming prisoners would henceforth be tattooed on the lower left arm. In early 1943, the practice of tattooing prisoners at the Auschwitz camp complex expanded. This form of identification also was applied to very ill prisoners, predominantly Poles, who had been transferred from the camp hospital at Auschwitz I to the newly constructed camp at Birkenau (Auschwitz II). In spring 1942, the SS began systematically tattooing all incoming Jewish prisoners. Because of mistreatment, starvation, and disease, almost all these 10,000 Soviet prisoners died within months of arrival. ![]() The following month, the SS made the decision to tattoo these prisoners. The first prisoners to be tattooed were Soviet prisoners of war who were brought to Auschwitz, beginning in October 1941, for forced labor. Adoption of Tattooing Throughout the Auschwitz Complex Since prisoners sent directly to the gas chambers were never issued numbers, they were never tattooed. TATTOO NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES SERIALTattooing was generally performed during registration when each prisoner was assigned a camp serial number. However, prisoners from several transports in 1943 had their numbers tattooed on the inner side of their left upper forearms. The site of the tattoo was changed to the outer side of the left forearm. When the metal stamp method proved impractical, a single-needle device was introduced, which pierced the outlines of the serial-number digits onto the skin. Ink was then rubbed into the bleeding wound. TATTOO NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES SERIAL NUMBERThis allowed the whole serial number to be punched at one blow onto the prisoner's left upper chest. Originally, a special metal stamp, holding interchangeable numbers made up of needles approximately one centimeter long was used. There was one person who would rub the.a little piece of dirty alcohol on your arm, and the other one had the.had the needle with the inkwell, and he would do the numbering. There, I was separated from my sister and mother and put into a barracks with older boys-many seemed to be twins. My arm was tattooed with the number 169061. Just before I turned 6, my family was deported to Auschwitz from the Theresienstadt ghetto. Hence, the SS authorities introduced the practice of tattooing in order to identify the bodies of registered prisoners who had died. Given the mortality rate at the camp and practice of removing clothing, there was no way to identify the bodies after the clothing was removed. As prisoners were executed or died in other ways, their clothing bearing the camp serial number was removed. ![]() Initially, the SS authorities marked prisoners who were in the infirmary or who were to be executed with their camp serial number across the chest with indelible ink. TATTOO NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES SERIAL NUMBERSOnly those prisoners selected for work were issued serial numbers those prisoners sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered and received no tattoos. Incoming prisoners were assigned a camp serial number which was sewn to their prison uniforms. ![]() Assignment of Camp Serial Numbers and the Introduction of Tattooing ![]() |
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